Review of the Teen Age Brain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Review of the Teen Age Brain - Essay Example Apart from balancing their academics with a prudent selection of extra-curricular activities these teenagers also have to cope with the ever increasing peer pressure whether it is smoking in a group, dumping their girlfriends/ boyfriends, dressing in a classy fashion and so forth. On the other end of the story teenagers are also charged as being in the most careless time period of their lives where they feel whatever they do is justified and that they have a right to do what they please. Another dilemma faced by many teenagers is that of how â€Å"big† they actually are for example they have to put up with the conditions imposed on them by their parents because they are not independent enough to fend for themselves and thus live a completely independent life. Yet in a highly individualistic society as that of the United States of America, teenagers do not feel bound to live their lives the way their parents plan it out for them. Teenagers want their privacy. They are mostly confused as to what they want out of their lives. When children are in their teenage, what matters most to them is their individuality and how they identify with their peers. Most teenagers fall a prey to dangerous company which leads to their giving in to peer pressure and taking d rugs, shoplifting for fun, committing robberies etc. Usually why teens get into such turmoil is because they do not communicate effectively with their parents who they see more as authoritative dictators who want to control their lives as opposed to someone who genuinely cares for them and their well being. Another factor which along with enhancing the information base of teenagers also renders them vulnerable is their unbound access to information through the internet. This access to the internet has made them more informed than any of their previous generations and in certain instances also increased their confusion as to their identity. Dealing with and

Andy Warhol and His work on the Contemporary Art Essay Example for Free

Andy Warhol and His work on the Contemporary Art Essay Andy Warhol (1928-1987) of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, less commonly known as Andrew Warhola, was a central figure in the pop art category. He is an American artist who reigned around the world as a painter, author, avant-garde filmmaker and as a public personage for his connection to many people of different fields of work and status. Warhol studied in Carnegie Institute of Technology (now known as the Carnegie Mellon University) to hone his artistry (www. artgallery. com, 2008). Warhol unify his works through the Keatonesque style which is aritistically and personally affectless. In his work s a Pop artist, conceptual aspects were always there as a key factor. His art was known for its irony, in most of its sense. Campbell’s soup cans was probably his most famous work. The mundane images he made were turned to the so-called ironic art through enlargement, hand-painting or silk-screening. He always mentioned that the idea of his work is always at the surface of his work, obvious, apparent. Other attributes of his work were slight color changes using ink spots (www. pbs. org, 2007). His work reveals contemporary art in such a way it concerns some human desires that never ceases to revolve around. He even made his film where he was an international celebrity and a pop artist. His experiences with many people brought him the ideas of what is contemporary, and made sure that no traces of the artists can be recognized from his artwork.

GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS ON RADIO BROADCASTING :: essays research papers

In 1978 a radio station owned by Pacifica Foundation Broadcasting out of New York City was doing a program on contemporary attitudes toward the use of language. This broadcast occurred on a mid-afternoon weekday. Immediately before the broadcast the station announced a disclaimer telling listeners that the program would include "sensitive language which might be regarded as offensive to some."(Gunther, 1991) As a part of the program the station decided to air a 12 minute monologue called "Filthy Words" by comedian George Carlin. The introduction of Carlin's "routine" consisted of, according to Carlin, "words you couldn't say on the public air waves."(Carlin, 1977) The introduction to Carlin's monologue listed those words and repeated them in a variety of colloquialisms: I was thinking about the curse words and the swear words, the cuss words and the words that you can't say, that you're not supposed to say all the time. I was thinking one night about the words you couldn't say on the public, ah, airwaves, um, the ones you definitely wouldn't say, ever. Bastard you can say, and hell and damn so I have to figure out which ones you couldn't and ever and it came down to seven but the list is open to amendment, and in fact, has been changed, uh, by now. The original seven words were shit, piss, fuck, cunt, cocksucker, motherfucker, and tits. Those are the ones that will curve your spine, grow hair on your hands and maybe, even bring us, God help us, peace without honor, and a bourbon. (Carlin, 1977) A man driving with his young son heard this broadcast and reported it to the Federal Communications Commission [FCC]. This broadcast of Carlin's "Filthy Words" monologue caused one of the greatest and most controversial cases in the history of broadcasting. The case of the FCC v. Pacifica Foundation. The outcome of this case has had a lasting effect on what we hear on the radio. This landmark case gave the FCC the "power to regulate radio broadcasts that are indecent but not obscene." (Gunther, 1991) What does that mean, exactly? According to the government it means that the FCC can only regulate broadcasts. They can not censor broadcasts, that is determine what is offensive in the matters of speech. Before this case occurred there were certain laws already in place that prohibited obscenity over radio. One of these laws was the "law of nuisance". This law "generally speaks to channeling behavior more than actually prohibiting it."(Simones, 1995) The law in essence meant that certain words depicting a sexual nature were limited to certain times of the

Crucial Effect Of The Cuban Missile Crisis Essay -- History, Nuclear W

Since the Cuban Revolution of 1959, tension and problematic situations have arose between the United States and Cuba (US-Cuba Relations 1). Before America helped Cuba fight of the Spanish for their independence, the Americans had strong political and economical affairs within the island (US-Cuba Relations 1). But, since the Cubans created a nation of their own, they blocked the Americans from many freedoms within Cuba (US-Cuba Relations 1). Although there are many examples of the tension between America and Cuba, the Cuban Missile Crisis had the most crucial effect on their long lasting feud. The main reason for the crucial effect of the Cuban Missile Crisis comes from the fact that this event was the closest the world has ever been to a nuclear war. In 1962, America was very prepared with their nuclear weapons, being able to attack the Soviet Union with missiles if necessary (Overview of the Crisis 1). But the disadvantage to the Soviets was that their missiles could only be used within Europe. As a result, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev proposed the idea of placing their missile launching centres in Cuba, making their distance from the United States very slim (Overview of the Crisis 1). Since Castro was fearing another American attack, he approved the proposal of placing missiles on his island. By 1962, the Soviets had started placing missiles in Cuba, and that was when the crisis began (Overview of the Crisis 1). On October 15, 1962, photos were taken from American airplanes revealing the missions of the Soviet missiles in Cuba (Overview of the Crisis 1). On Octob er 22, President Kennedy took matters into his own hands by announcing the reveal of missiles in Cuba (Overview of the Crisis 1). He announced his mission to q... ...was a powerful source of the tension that still exists between America and Cuba, but since it remains to separate the two countries from each other, it does not prove as significant as the Cuban Missile Crisis. Therefore, the strength of the Cuban Missile Crisis proves to be the strongest of all events that represent tension between the United States and Cuba. In conclusion, the Cuban Missile Crisis proves to have had a large impact on our world today. Whether it is through the way we consider how we avoided a nuclear war, learnt a lesson of resolution, or compare it’s significance to other events between Cuba and America, this crucial event has shown a significant part in North American and European history. Although there are many examples of the tension between America and Cuba, the Cuban Missile Crisis had the most crucial effect on their long lasting feud.

Baroque period examples

Rich in deep colour and intense contrast of shadows, 17th century Baroque paintings tended to show the most dramatic and culminating moments of a scene, whose simplicity and clarity was supposed to appeal to the viewer’s senses rather than mind. Caravaggio’s The Taking of Christ (1602) represents Judas’ treacherous kiss and the capture of Jesus Christ by soldiers. A contrast between defenseless Christ’s humility and the guards’ formidable armour and determination is intensified by the use of light and dark shadows, known as chiaroscuro and typical of Baroque painting.The scene’s emotional intensity is emphasized by the horrified expression of St Mark fleeing out of the painting (Lubbock, 2007). Both Rubens’ Deposition (Lille’s version) and Rembrandt’s The Descent from the Cross (1633) represent Jesus’ dead body, the central figure, being lowered from the cross and surrounded by His lamenting followers. A similar co ntrast between light and dark, although to a different extent, is used to intensify the dramatic moment (Jones, 2004; Lussier).Caravaggio, Rubens, and Rembrandt produced their masterpieces at a time when the Roman Catholic Church was fighting against the spreading Protestant Reformation in Europe. Trying to strengthen its position and authority, the Church encouraged painting representing religious scenes which, along with preaching, could help inspire devotion and promote its official doctrine. Although various biblical scenes proliferated in art at that time, most artists also introduced their own features to the new artistic style.Caravaggio used models when depicting Christ and other biblical figures often introducing dirty reality in his works (Lubbock, 2007). Rubens was preoccupied in his paintings with the description of life as it was realistically depicting flesh of both living and dead naked human beings. The subject of death is one of his favourite themes (Jones, 2004). R embrandt was interested in capturing the psychological aspect of human actions and expressions and showing it in his paintings. His subjects are dynamic and his works fill the viewer with sadness and compassion (Lussier).All three works of art helped promote the ideals taught by the Roman Catholic Church and enhance the authority of biblical figures. Caravaggio’s Christ does not resist His fate, and by showing humility and faith He emphasizes the importance of spiritual strength rather than physical fight and encourages His followers to do the same (Caravaggio’s The Taking of Christ). Rembrandt’s figures are dressed in contemporary clothes emphasizing that the Saviour’s death has been the central event of human existence at all ages.The beaten dead body of Christ is realistic and not different from an ordinary human being arousing compassion and inspiring devotion (Lussier). A realistic depiction of Christ’s dead body by Rubens is similarly compuls ive, and the sorrowful faces and desperate gestures of the surrounding women are supposed to fill the viewers with compassion and make them bow their heads in worship (Campbell, 2004). These masterpieces are simple in terms of subject matter, produce immediate emotional impact on viewers, and make them emotionally participate in the sacred scenes.All three paintings represent scenes from Jesus Christ’s life and death. The composition in Rubens’ Deposition and Rembrandt’s The Descent from the Cross gives us the impression of a movement from the upper part of the paintings to their lower part, as if to enhance the idea of the Saviour’s death and His descent into the tomb. In Caravaggio’s The Taking of Christ the figures are moving from right to left as though through Jesus who is not moving. Caravaggio’s composition seems to emphasize the spiritual difference which exists between Him and the rest of us.The way the figures are represented in al l three works is also different to some extent. Caravaggio did not depict the whole bodies of his figures, but only parts of them, the rest of the space being filled with fragments of clothes, armour, and dark shadows (Lubbock, 2007). Rembrandt and Rubens realistically and with great detail depict Christ’s dead body and those of other figures. Rubens also depicts the ideal human bodies of the men lowering Christ in the same way classical painters did (Lussier).References Campbell, P. (2004, April 1). In Lille. Retrieved January 30, 2009 from the World Wide Web: http://www. lrb. co. uk/v26/n07/print/camp01_. html Caravaggio’s The Taking of Christ. Retrieved January 30, 2009 from the World Wide Web: http://www. nga. gov/exhibitions/caravbr-2. htm Jones, J. (2004, April 3). Flesh of Genius. The Guardian on the Web. Retrieved January 30, 2009 from the World Wide Web: http://www. guardian. co. uk/artanddesign/2004/apr/03/art Lubbock, T.(2007, April 6). Caravaggio: The Takin g of Christ (1602-3). The Independent on the Web. Retrieved January 30, 2009 from the World Wide Web: http://www. independent. co. uk/arts-entertainment/art/great-works/caravaggio-the-taking-of-christ-16023-744398. html Lussier, L. The Descent from the Cross: Two Paintings once assumed to be painted by Rembrandt. Retrieved January 30, 2009 from the World Wide Web: http://www. geocities. com/Hollywood/Bungalow/2201/cross/rembrandt. html

How to Get a Job With No Experience

How to Get a Job With No Experience To get experience, you need a good job. To get a good job, you usually need†¦experience. If you don’t have either one of those right now, that’s a pretty major Catch-22, no? Before you get caught in a vicious cycle of despair over the unfairness of that conundrum, don’t panic- it is definitely possible to get a job without experience. Everyone (seriously, everyone!) has to start somewhere. No one just wakes up one day as a mid-level manager with stock options and a 401(k). Let’s talk about ways to get up and running on your career path without having tons of experience yet. 1. 3 Ways to Prepare for the No-Experience-Yet Job Hunt2. The Resume3. The Interview4. Wrapping It Up  3 Ways to Prepare for the No-Experience-Yet Job HuntBefore you start your job hunt for that entry-level position or a new-to-you career, there are things you can do to set yourself up for success, long before you even submit a resume or application.1. Know your industry.A little research goes a long way when you’re just starting out. Google the heck out of your target industry. Get a sense for what kind of company you want to work for, and what those companies are like. It’s important to look at their official websites, but also look for news, online forums, and other information that comes up as well. The corporate site can give you the official line on a company’s mission, goals, and culture, but the other sites can cut through the mist of heavy branding and give you a clearer sense of what it might be like to actually work for that company.Digging around is also a good way to get a read on how healthy your industry is. For example, if you have your heart set on becoming a graphic designer for an advertising company, but you’re uncovering a lot of stories about how big ad agencies are not doing so hot, revenue-wise, then you might want to step back and reset your expectations about the number of jobs that may be available.2. F ind your people.Networking is one of the best (if not THE best) ways to get the inside scoop on job openings or companies. Still, like with jobs in general, it’s hard to get networked in your field if you haven’t really worked in it yet. Here’s where you need to be bold and proactive. You may not be starting from nothing here- if you’ve graduated recently, chances are your alma mater has an alumni networking group, or maybe even career mentors that you can email/talk to.And there’s always social media. You don’t need experience to start fleshing out your LinkedIn profile with groups related to the industry and job you want. Start following prominent people in your field, and try to stay on top of the conversations happening around them.There’s always the good old-fashioned version of networking, where you find meetup events or open houses and show up on time, looking spiffy with a seltzer in hand and a nametag on your chest. If your f ield doesn’t have any special networking groups or events, there are plenty of sites that can help you find your career tribe. They can help link you up with the right people, in a room for cheese cubes and pleasant professional conversation with like-minded people:Meetup – Not just for Harry Potter enthusiasts and extreme knitters, Meetup brings people together professionally in addition to socially. And if you’re looking for a group that shares your passion for kayaking AND graphic design, then you might be in luck!Eventbrite – Like Meetup, Eventbrite is focused entirely on user-created events, and lets you search by keyword and location to find career-related events in your area.NetParty – Heavy on the â€Å"party,† this is one of the most popular networking sites for young professionals.Mediabistro – A portal for all things media-career-related, featuring a constantly updated job board and a heavy schedule of events and networking opportunities.Dames Bond – One of the premier career networking sites for women, according to Forbes.3. Be ready to start from the bottom.You’re probably looking for a full-time job in your chosen field, but sometimes that can be tough at the start. If that door feels stuck, look for windows. A lot of companies hire temporary or part-time employees on a project basis, or as a trial before hiring them full-time. An easy way to broaden your job search is to search for contract/freelance jobs and part-time jobs in addition to full-time positions. By doing so, you can come across really great opportunities that would have been shut out by checking the â€Å"full-time† or â€Å"permanent† box on the search form. This first job may not be The One That Makes Your Career, but it doesn’t really need to be. Ideally, you want something that will help you build your bona fides, which you can use on the path to the job you really, really want.Don’t thin k that landing anything but a full-time job in your chosen career path is a distraction from or a sacrifice of your short-term career goals. In reality, you’re building a better resume, and repositioning yourself as someone with more experience than you brought in.The ResumeI’ll be honest: the resume is the trickiest part of the job hunt when you don’t yet have a lot of experience under your belt. Resume readers (of the human or computer variety) are big on keywords and bullet points. And if your resume is little more than your name, address, education, and high school summer jobs right now, you need to bulk it up, or risk being skipped over completely by someone (or some machine) who doesn’t understand how awesome you are, and how much you’ll bring to the table.Format WiselyThe traditional resume format, the old standby â€Å"reverse chronological† (which lists your experience, moving backward through your career) can be very unforgiving to someone who is just starting out, or who is looking to change careers. We’ve got you covered on how to write a resume, but first you need to figure out the best format for what you want to emphasize.Without experience, your best friend might be the skills-based resume, where instead of listing your jobs and experience first, your skills are front and center. Business Insider has a handy sample to show how a candidate with limited experience can frame those skills and building blocks in a cohesive resume: The most important thing to remember is that although you might not have a ton of career-specific experience yet, you definitely have skills. Be sure to pull anything you can use into your resume- skills, volunteer experience, internships, etc. Even if they’re not directly related to the job you want, each one contributed to your overall skill set. You want to be able to show that you have the tools to get the job done, even if you’re not super-experienced.The InterviewSo someone saw your resume, and saw that you have great potential for this job. Next battle: the interview. Let’s say you’ve done your homework on the company; you’ve dry-cleaned your best suit; you’ve practiced your handshake and your most confident â€Å"hire me† smile in the mirror; you have a list of questions ready to go. All that good work could be for naught if you get in there and are hit with one simple question that gives you pause: â€Å"Why should we hire you?† If you’re short on work experience, that question can be a very tough one, since you can’t fall back on a statement like, â€Å"Well, with my years of experience working with widgets, I know that I can increase sales by a significant amount.†To get around that awkward moment and avoid looking like a deer in headlights, come prepared with anecdotes that show how you solved situations like you’d face on the job, and bullet points about yo ur skills. Know what skills you have that will directly apply to the job you’re applying for, and practice those ahead of the interview so that you can whip them out with cool confidence on the spot. For example, if you’re asked why you should be hired as a marketing assistant, talk about the time you spent organizing social media and word-of-mouth for your club’s fundraiser in college. If you want to show your people skills, tell the interviewer about a time you brought people together to get a project done. The interviewer will already know (having your resume right in front of them) that you don’t have the most job experience. What they need to know in the interview is that you will take the experience and skills you already have, and be able to thrive in this new job. If you can sell it, they can buy it.Wrapping It UpMoral of the story here: if you don’t have experience, don’t panic. Getting that entry-level or first job in the field can be daunting, but you already have lots of great tools at your disposal to package yourself. Once you build your network, your resume, and your confidence, you’re in a much better place to go out there and get the job.Good luck!

Project Planning Custom Woodworking Company Case Study

Project Planning Custom Woodworking Company Case Study A project plan needs to have a corresponding proposal. The latter is a summary of the whole project highlighting the tasks to be performed. It breaks down important tasks into stages giving details on the various activities to be carried out and requirements of each task. The project proposal can be used by the management to plan for the project and evaluate its progress. It helps the management to avert shortcomings in the project and development stages (Wideman, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Project Planning: Custom Woodworking Company Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Woody’s plan of managing the project was based on the wrong foundation. A project calls for the involvement of all stakeholders at all stages. The conception stage was in accordance with the provisions of project management, but the planning stage was left to one party only, who contracted an external company to implement th e expansion plan. This company had not participated in the development and conception stage, and so did not understand the requirements of the Woody Project. It had not been involved in budget estimation activities and in the determination of the project timeframe (Wideman, 2010). This was a setback to the project’s timeline and budgetary allocations. Lack of planning on handling of human resource for the project was evidenced by the fact that an inexperienced person was given the role of running the project. The professional services engaged lacked proper guidance from the management of Woody’s Company. If I were to be given an opportunity to run the project, I would not have contracted professional services to carry it out. I would have taken charge of the project as I would have been grounded on the project requirements. I would also have incorporated the stakeholders in the various phases of the project. All procurement and other requirements would have been superv ised and ran according to the proposed plan. The project plan had many loopholes, which led to inefficiencies. It did not address the aspect of changes and thus limited the development of the project. Inclusion of contingency plans and control structures to accommodate these changes is important (Wideman, 2010). When room is provided to accommodate the changes and appropriate structures put in place to respond to them effectively, the project development team will be able to analyse these changes and come up with appropriate actions. The team will also be better placed to determine whether the changes are necessary or not.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The final product of the project must be of the desired quality. To understand what quality is, one needs to analyse the project targets. If the targets are met successfully, then this is good quality. The targets of the project can be conceptualised as been SMART (Roberts, 2009: Par 3). The specific objective of the project has to be met and it should be clear and precise. The objectives define the direction of the project, and so a clear definition of the same is the first step in ensuring project quality and success. There should be a measure of the project achievements. For example, Woody’s project, if completed, should have renovated and improved the production space of the company. It would also have added value to the premises. The project objectives have to be attainable (Roberts, 2009: Par 3). They must be within the company’s budget and within a specified period of time. The financial allocation should also be realistic to ensure proper project development and completion. The company should ensure that the team has capacity to deliver the desired output (Roberts, 2009: Par 3). The relevance of the project is also a measure of its quality. The aim of the project should be tied to its objectives. The output needs to have significant impact on the company and worth the cost spent on the project. The allocation of the time period for the project also needs to be in relation to the amount of work to be carried out. Too little time may lead to hastened actions and decisions that may not be good for the project, whereas too much time may be costly. Thus, the timeline has to be right to enable the team achieve the project’s objectives (Roberts, 2009: Par 3). The quality requirements makes sure that the project team is keen when analysing the terms of the project, the time period, costs and allocated financial resources. The project head must ensure that these aspects are put into consideration before embarking on the project. There must be an individual designated to evaluate the quality of the outputs at different stages in relation to desired standards (Roberts, 2009: Par 3). In Woody’s project, Leadbetter lacked the understanding of qual ity of a project as interpreted in project management. This resulted to lack of objectivity in the project, requiring a rewrite of the software codes. This took more time than previously envisioned (Wideman, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Project Planning: Custom Woodworking Company Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The project concept is the initial stage in which the ideas of a project are first visualised. This is in regard to observations and requirements. Figure 1: Planning and Scheduling A good baseline plan would have provided an opportunity to change the time and also accommodate the delays in execution of tasks. This would have revealed to the team members the possibility of the project not being on schedule. If activities in the critical path had floats, it would have averted the delays and wastage of extra days that were needed (Wideman, 2010). The cost is likely to amount to $16 millio n. The guestimation is calculated by estimating the costs of the different tasks in the project. The different costs can be presented by the team members to the team leader who calculates a median of the values. After the project is completed, the real cost is compared to the estimates (Wideman, 2010). In this project’s life cycle, costing has not been taken as a factor. The costs have been derived from the different tasks. Mr Cashman had made a guestimation of the total cost and a rough estimate of the same, not exceeding $16 million. With the knowledge on these costs, he was sure that the contracted firm should have a lower price quotation than his figure because his estimates were on the higher side. By filing it away, he made it his own reference of the total costs. This was an opportunity to get the right market price for the project. The other option would have been to involve the contractors in the cost analysis and management process. This would have provided him with an opportunity to arrive at a more reasonable cost (Wideman, 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Woody’s should have contracted different companies for different tasks. For example, the building and construction would have been tendered to a single company, while the provision of materials would have been given to another company. This would have been cheaper and would have enabled the team members allocate tasks without any problem. Contracts are always awarded to companies that have a record of delivering and performing the contracts satisfactorily. The companies need to be vetted by considering their performance track record. The lack of coordination and inappropriate procedures in putting together a project in Woody’s resulted to the failure of achieving the main objectives of the project. The building was completed, more space was availed, but it was not put into proper use. This is due to lack of morale by the staff and also under utilization of the equipment as identified (Wideman, 2010). The deficiencies in the final output were an indication that the over all objective of the project was not achieved. This can be attributed to the improper procedures followed and lack of a good plan in the execution of the project. Lack of experienced project managers was also a factor in the derailment of the Woody’s project. The project failed to achieve the targets set. References Roberts, T. (2009). Project plans: 10 essential elements. Retrieved from https://www.projectsmart.co.uk/project-plans-10-essential-elements.php Wideman, M. (2010). Woodys 2000 Project: Expert project management case study. Web.

At a Crossroads

At a Crossroads At a Crossroads At a Crossroads By Maeve Maddox A reader is confused about this expression: Kindly explain the usage and difference, if any, of at a crossroad, at crossroads and similar phrases. Literally, a crossroad is a road that crosses another. â€Å"A crossroad† is the place where two or more roads intersect. â€Å"A crossroads† is also the place where roads intersect. In remote areas where roads lack signage, travelers at an unfamiliar intersection are faced with a directional decision that could have unpleasant consequences if they choose incorrectly. Figuratively, to be â€Å"at a crossroad† or â€Å"at a crossroads† is to be at a stage in one’s life–or the development of a country or an industry–when it is necessary to choose a course of action that will affect one’s future in significant and irrevocable ways. Both the singular and plural forms are seen, but the Google Ngram Viewer indicates that the plural form is more common. The expression is popular with writers who compose headlines and book titles: Trucking Industry at a Crossroads Cuba: Island at a Crossroad The Caspian Region at a Crossroad: Challenges of a New Frontier of Energy Global Health Governance at a Crossroads Cancer research at a crossroads in Germany Writers of novels and memoirs are also fond of it: I think you will agree that lifes plans are not always tied up in neat little packages. Occasionally we find ourselves at unexpected crossroads with more than one opportunity from which to choose. –Linda Lee Chaikin I see myself at crossroads in my life, mapless, lacking bits of knowledge then, the Moon breaks through, lights up the path before me  Ã¢â‚¬â€œJohn Geddes And having once chosen, never to seek to return to the crossroads of that decision-for even if one chooses wrongly, the choice cannot be unmade.  Ã¢â‚¬â€œJacqueline Carey To be at a crossroads is to be on the verge of making a decision: We stand at an absolutely pivotal crossroads in our nations history  that may well determine our future and way of life for decades to come. Three idioms that refer to the moment after the decision has been made are: 1. to cross the Rubicon This expression means to make an irrevocable decision. Its figurative meaning comes from Julius Caesar’s literal crossing of a small Italian river in 49 BCE. By leading an army across the Rubicon–the boundary between Gaul and Italy–Caesar disobeyed Roman law and began a civil war. Crossing the Rubicon is final. That’s the whole point of the expression. The following quotation suggests that the speaker doesn’t quite understand that once the Rubicon is crossed, there’s no turning back: I think the Port Authority, from a transparency/media point of view, has crossed the Rubicon as the result of recent controversies and its not going to be possible to re-cross it. 2. casting the die According to Suetonius, once he had crossed the Rubicon, Caesar said â€Å"Alea iacta est!† The Latin is usually translated as â€Å"The die is cast.† Die is the singular of dice. In those days, dice were used for gambling, but also for determining the will of the gods. Either way, once the dice have been thrown, the outcome has been determined. Example: â€Å"The Die is Cast: Russia’s Intentions in Ukraine† 3. no turning back The phrasal verb â€Å"turn back† means â€Å"to reverse the course of† or â€Å"to cause to go in the opposite direction.† Example: â€Å"For open government, there is absolutely no turning back.† In addition to representing a place where a crucial decision is made, a crossroad has sinister associations in history and in folklore. A place where two roads crossed was often chosen as the site of pre-Christian sacrifice. Recipes for black magic often include directions to bury something at a crossroads at midnight. Gallows were placed at a crossroads. The bodies of the executed–especially those of highwaymen–were left hanging as a warning. Suicides and others for whom Christian burial in consecrated ground was forbidden were buried at a crossroads. Related post: One Die, Two Dice Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Punctuating â€Å"So† at the Beginning of a Sentence30 Baseball IdiomsNominalized Verbs

Assistive Technology Devices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Assistive Technology Devices - Essay Example The device used however will depend on the level of disability where some of individuals may be partially impaired and therefore require less technological advanced devices. This paper also discusses the various advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of these devices, it highlights the benefits the disabled may derive from the use of these devices and also discuss some of the possible problems that may result from the use of these devices. There are various types of assistive technology devices whose function depend on the kind of disability of an individual, the following is a definition of the various types of devices that aid individuals who are blind, deaf, have communication problem and those who suffer from other types of disabilities. Various assistive technology are available for the blind, some of these devices include eye glasses, books recorded on tape, Braille stylus, talking or large key calculators, Braille printer and speech feedback computers. All these devices are aimed at enhancing task performance among the blind or visually impaired individuals.1 Individuals with communication problems include individuals with language problems and devices that are used include the use of pictures and photographs, eye pointing systems, communication boards, voice output devices, touch screens, software dictionaries and translation devices. All these devices aid those individuals who have communication problems.2 Hearing disabilities: These devices are aimed at enhancing communication with those who have hearing problems, some of the hearing aids include amplified phone devices and headphones, telecaption decoders, vibrotactile devices, recorded books in CD and tapes, phonic ear and pictures and photographs.3 Other forms of disabilities: Other forms of disabilities include individual who have difficult in performing activities other than the individuals mentioned above, these devices in include tilt board, key guards, slant board, arm support, portable word processors, adapted keyboard and mouse, onscreen keyboards and modified computer software.4 Learning disabilities: Picture schedules, talking word processors that are portable, electronic reminders and reminders, word predicting software, talking devices, graphic software and text reading software.5 The diagram below shows a Braille used by the blind, from the diagram it is evident that each letter has a particular set of points which are read using the hand. Each section of the coded letter is a cell that contains 6 points, using the six points it is possible to have 64 different combinations and each set of dots have a different meaning, example in the above diagram shows the alphabets in Braille form. The above diagram was retrieved from www.braillecards.co.uk. Advancemrnt in technology has made devices that are more easier to use, for example the Braille assistive machine which is shown below. The diagram below shows a Braille assistive machine for the blind, from the diagram it is evident that each letter has a particular set of points which are read using the hand. The diagram was retrieved from www.lssproducts.com ADVANTAGES OF ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY: This section discusses the various advantages associated with assistive technology, these devices have greater

Breach of EU Directive Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Breach of EU Directive - Essay Example Breach of EU Directive In the year 2005, Grant enrolled at the Sunderland University, and resorted to consuming carrot juice, in order to cope up with the heavy academic demands of university work. She was compelled to remain awake throughout the night on a regular basis, and this made her a regular consumer of a particular brand of carrot juice, namely, Hyperbunny. Grant purchased this from the Zen hypermarket; and the latter procured this product from an organic cooperative Juump AG, located in Germany. On the 1st of November, 2010, Grant was diagnosed with nibline poisoning. She had completed her Master’s Degree, just before this diagnosis. She was also informed that nibline poisoning was incurable and that it would render her permanently incapable of working. A perusal of the medical evidence, disclosed that her ailment was the result of consuming Hyperbunny carrot juice, which was seen to contain 10mg of nibline per litre. A much harried and desperate Grant made considerable study into the circumstances responsible for her debilitating condition, and discovered that the UK government had failed to implement directive 2004/222. This permitted the sale of carrot juice with even 10mg of nibline per litre. In order to advise Grant, regarding her rights against the UK Government, manufacturers of Carrot juice, Zen Hyper Market and others, the relevant EC law in respect of the proper implementation of Directives, by the Member States has to be examined.

Eastman Kodak Company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Eastman Kodak Company - Case Study Example It was observed that Kodak aimed to create a monopoly in the market which violated the Sherman Act’s Section 2 guidelines. The company also attempted to impose varied types of exclusive dealing based contracts upon different retailers. The decree includes licensing of processes for photofinishing as well as assistance of technology for anyone eager to start the business of photofinishing. The main objective of the decree was to ensure a healthy competition among the varied business entities in the photofinishing industry (Baye & Scholten, â€Å"Kodak Appeals to Court to Terminate 1921 and 1954 Decrees that Restrict Pricing Policies†). It can be stated that Kodak became the solitary leader in the industry with the development of film based product. The company sold its color film through processing aspects. It is also noted that through bundling the prices of photofinishing as well as processing, Kodak monopolized the market of the photographic industry. This resulted in the emergence of 1954 antitrust decree, which is considered as the second decree affecting the actions of Kodak. The decree was initiated by the court in order to enact restrictions to Kodak against bundling photofinishing process effectively. Hence, it can be stated that both the decrees i.e. 1921 and 1954 had resulted in the creation of enhanced market competition in the global market context for selling the products of photo films as well as processing. The decrees had restricted Kodak’s monopoly business in the global market context (Baye & Scholten, â€Å"Kodak Appeals to Court to Terminate 1921 and 1954 Decrees that Restrict

Nihilism And Its Consequences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nihilism And Its Consequences - Essay Example Nihilism entails the absence of consideration for consequences, where people have no inner guide and promote only their self-interests. By openly showing love for a married woman. Spunk demonstrates a missing conscience. He tells Joe that â€Å"Lena was his† (Hurston). The alcoholic woman in â€Å"Tall Tales† also dismisses the effects of her decisions. She sees herself slowly attracted to a stranger, just because of her creative imagination that feeds her inner emptiness. The â€Å"watch† in the story symbolizes reality because it reminds people of the time and organizing their life. She does not know how to organize her life, however, because she cannot understand the meaning of her existence. When she allows Lenny to take her watch, she surrenders to the pseudo-reality that Lenny wants to bring her to. Lenny tells her: â€Å"You don't need [your watch]. You don't have to know what time it is† (Braverman). She then empowers him to organize her life for h er, which happens eventually. Furthermore, nihilistic people only value their self-interests. Spunk takes Lena and parades their affair to others. He says to Joe: â€Å"Call her and see if shell come. A woman knows her boss she answers when he calls† (Hurston). This means that for Spunk, he is the boss of himself and others. The woman of â€Å"Tall Tales† also focuses on her inner fantasies than her own future and the future of her daughter. When she sees â€Å"China blue† in the sky, it is an image of peace and hope. These images of peace and hope are superficial, however, because she intends to escape her reality to find them. She feels unhappy with her failures and she covets a new life, where responsibilities no longer exist.

Cellphone (iPhone) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cellphone (iPhone) - Research Paper Example The latest introduction in this line of products is the smart-phone, which has led the way in changing the perceptions previously held by individuals about the mobile device (Vogelstein). One brand that has been one of the frontrunners in this product is the iPhone. The I phone is a brand of smart-phones that have taken the cell phone market by storm ever since its introduction and can be said to be one of the most popular brands across the globe. It is designed as well as sold by Apple inc., a large company in the United States that has been one of the leaders in modern technological devices (Murtazin 23). Apple is also responsible for other brands as well such as the I Mac computer and the I Pad. There are a number of other smart-phones that have entered the market but it can be said that most have not been able to enjoy the worldwide brand recognition that is experienced by Apple as a result of the iPhone (Vogelstein). A number of models of the iPhone have emerged over the years a s the company has sought to stay ahead of the competition. These new models have come with new and improved features that have been designed to make life easier for its user in their daily activities. There are seven generations of models of the iPhone that are currently available to the market but with the introduction of new generations, the older ones gradually lose their popularity. The Impact of the iPhone There are a number of ways in which the iPhone has impacted the field in which it operates in. The introduction of the iPhone can be said to have changed the way that individuals use cell phones and as mentioned earlier, can be referred to as one of the leaders of smart-phone technology (Vogelstein). Some of the positive influences that the iPhone has had on the society include: Improved Communication The iPhone has ensured that the means of communication available to the public have improved drastically in comparison to earlier cell phones and the narrow range of options tha t it offered (Murtazin 21). Communication is an essential part of the society and it takes place between individuals on a daily basis. The lack of communication would lead to a stand still in the operations of the society and can be said to affect the lives of individuals who have, over grown reliant on modern devices for their communication needs (Roy et al 65). The iPhone offers a better means of communication as it has been designed to rival the normal mobile devices that can be found in the market. The iPhone has also widened the range of options that an individual has when choosing to communicate with someone as a result of the various applications that have emerged over the years in support of the smart phone. Previously one could only call an individual they wished to communicate with and no other alternatives were offered for those who perhaps did not exactly wish for this type of communication. It can be said that the iPhone has enhanced the spread of Computer Mediated Comm unication (CMC) by individuals all over the world as its platform have made easier for individuals to use this new technology as a means of contacting one another (McQuail 12). The ability to communicate via different methods allows one to choose their preferred choice. Enhanced Internet Connectivity The introduction

Nihilism And Its Consequences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nihilism And Its Consequences - Essay Example Nihilism entails the absence of consideration for consequences, where people have no inner guide and promote only their self-interests. By openly showing love for a married woman. Spunk demonstrates a missing conscience. He tells Joe that â€Å"Lena was his† (Hurston). The alcoholic woman in â€Å"Tall Tales† also dismisses the effects of her decisions. She sees herself slowly attracted to a stranger, just because of her creative imagination that feeds her inner emptiness. The â€Å"watch† in the story symbolizes reality because it reminds people of the time and organizing their life. She does not know how to organize her life, however, because she cannot understand the meaning of her existence. When she allows Lenny to take her watch, she surrenders to the pseudo-reality that Lenny wants to bring her to. Lenny tells her: â€Å"You don't need [your watch]. You don't have to know what time it is† (Braverman). She then empowers him to organize her life for h er, which happens eventually. Furthermore, nihilistic people only value their self-interests. Spunk takes Lena and parades their affair to others. He says to Joe: â€Å"Call her and see if shell come. A woman knows her boss she answers when he calls† (Hurston). This means that for Spunk, he is the boss of himself and others. The woman of â€Å"Tall Tales† also focuses on her inner fantasies than her own future and the future of her daughter. When she sees â€Å"China blue† in the sky, it is an image of peace and hope. These images of peace and hope are superficial, however, because she intends to escape her reality to find them. She feels unhappy with her failures and she covets a new life, where responsibilities no longer exist.

Conflict Resolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Conflict Resolution - Essay Example blems faced by its employees with regard to dissatisfaction at work, conflicts among employees or between employees and managers; etc., which may have a strong impact on their morale. According to research, there is a strong and direct relationship between leadership and communication whereby effective leadership is known to result in better communication among the staff members and hence result in effective conflict resolution at work, thus ultimately influencing employees trust in the leader (Kasper-Feuhrer & Ashkanasy, 2001). Increased trust in the management is further associated with improved employee morale and performance, higher job satisfaction, and greater commitment to work (Costa 2003; Dirks and Ferrin, 2002; Cornell et al., 2003; Corbitt and Martz, 2003). This paper on Conflict resolution in workplace focuses on various issues such as policies and strategies implemented by management in order to improve employee / staff morale; address concerns with regard to internal conflict resolution; and resolve issues related to management of cultural diversity, and various forms of discrimination experienced by staff members. The Toyota Motor Sales Inc., has successfully implemented a unique dispute resolution policy whereby the grievances faced by the employees are resolved to the best of their abilities by the management. The company has developed a special forum which serves as a common platform for its employees to share their problems and issues faced by them with regard to disputes at workplace; in a bid to ensure that the same does not negatively affect their overall productivity. The company believes in quickly resolving conflicts at workplace through effective and prompt communication strategies and providing a healthy working environment whereby the employees are free to share and speak up regarding issues and matters most important for them. This is done through a unique communication policy developed and put into practice by the company, referred

Introduction to Computer Application and Systems Essay Example for Free

Introduction to Computer Application and Systems Essay The first week required us to assemble a team and establish the team charter; we also discussed the benefits of information systems in the work environment, such as the computers and Internet access. Almost every major company has computers and Internet access now, the company cannot run smoothly without these basic information technology systems, if the company wants to be successful, it has to connect to the rest of the world and Internet is the best way for the company to do so. But there are also some bad sides about the advanced information technology systems, websites like â€Å"Facebook, Twitter, MySpace† require people put their personal information on the website, even some people are smart enough not putting their real name or address on the website, but majority of the computer users just do not have the awareness, they put their real personal information on those websites and once the information is there, it can never be erased. See more: how to start an essay about yourself for college We also talked about the history of the information systems in week one, such like â€Å"Roads† are the first information flow of the ancient world and other things like â€Å"Birds, Stone, Paper† all indicated the beginning of the information systems. Microsoft Office Word is one of the most useful tools designed by Microsoft, the impact it has had on writing is phenomenal, the Microsoft Office Word program is used by perhaps 95 percent of all writers currently extant, and it also changed the way people write, people do not have to worry about a misspelling or lost on word counts, because the Word tools can help them with all these problems. It is rare to see people still writing an essay or a business report on a piece of paper now; this just shows the information technology systems made people’s life so much easier and how important they relate to the society.

Best Teaching Aid Is Piece Of Chalk English Language Essay

Best Teaching Aid Is Piece Of Chalk English Language Essay As far back as I can remember, teachers had nothing else but a piece of chalk in school, some just had the plain white ones, while others had the multi coloured ones just to help make the lessons more interesting. Today, as a teacher I am overwhelmed by the multitude of teaching aids available, and even a little alarmed by the cutting edge technology available to me. It may be useful in certain ways, but can easily become confusing if a teacher is unfamiliar with it. But yet, even with all of this exceptional technology available, I still feel that a piece of chalk is still the best teaching tool available. It may not be cutting edge or modern technology, but its simplicity and usefulness is still by far the best instrument available to teachers. While a lot of my colleagues prefer new technology, I remain partial to the chalk. The black board is the main piece of equipment and if one uses it well and to its full potential, one will realize that modern equipments can take a step back. Not every language centre or school can provide us with the latest technology, as some may face strict budgets. Furthermore, I dont think that these modern gadgets are going to make you a better teacher and that student learning efficiency will be greatly increased. The black board and the chalk actually reminds them that they are back in school, for most of us grew up in these types of classrooms and environment, which helps to draw the students attention to the lesson at hand. Think for a moment, what you write and how you write on the board will be transferred into the students note pads and stamped in their minds. There is not one thing about the chalk that makes ones job unfeasible or is not within our reach, using a chalk and board to deli ver a lesson is a step forward that we have to pursue with our mind. A chalk is a teaching tool just like technology is, it is not just a writing tool. For years we have seen teachers using a white piece of chalk. Over time, dustless chalk was developed and eventually coloured ones appeared. The humble piece of chalk itself has evolved over time. Even though we use the blackboard to write our notes for the students, many teachers tend to rely on PowerPoint presentations. Yes, the basics are the same and yes, you can always save a bit of time as all you need to do is just plug in the computer to the projector. But what happens when there is a black out? Your notes are no longer visible and even with a backup generator, if your computer decides to give you trouble, everything your relied on and what was on it may well disappear. But the black board and your piece of chalk is still there. The backup generator will give you sufficient lighting and you can continue your lesson. I find that when you write and present your lesson, students find themselves mo re involved and interaction time is great, for you can always call on your students to write examples on the board themselves. And then again, think of how much, as a teacher, you will save on stationery when you use the chalk. When I was asked to use a classroom equipped with only a white board, I was quite happy at first because it appeared to be a step forward from the black board and chalk but soon, I realised that I needed more than just a black marker. I like to use colours when I teach, for example, verbs in red, adjectives in green and so on and I rapidly found myself spending much more on markers that dried up quite quickly. Obviously the white board may have other uses, such as acting as a screen if you are planning to show slides or a movie using the LCD projector but for teaching spelling or word stress, a board and a piece of chalk are still the best. With a piece of chalk, it is the capability of the user to employ all teaching methods and experiences to get through to and inspire the learners. Jeremy Harmer quotes: The most versatile piece of classroom teaching equipment is the board it provides a motivating focal point during whole-class grouping. With a piece of chalk we have greater influence on our students and we can also establish better connectivity with them. So how do you plan your lesson the old fashioned way? Well it is quite simple, your notes are there to guide you, if you have the opportunity to enter the classroom before your class starts, take advantage to write a few notes on the board, but dont clutter your blackboard, use different coloured chalks to make your point. You can even draw things like simple objects, you dont have to be an expert, and the fact you are using a chalk you can erase and try again. When you use new technologies, you cannot improvise your lesson because you are obligated to follow a set pattern of presentation but some students require additional attention or information and that piece of chalk allows you to become flexible in your lesson. You can erase and rewrite. The possibilities offered to teachers using a piece of chalk are endless. A teaching aid, like a piece of chalk, is just a tool to help us deliver our lesson. How effectively we use the chalk as a teaching tool is up to the teachers creativity because no matter how high tech is only as valuable and as motivating as its user.

Free Essays - Comparing Odysseus and Medea :: comparison compare contrast essays

Free Essays on Homer's Odyssey: Odysseus and Medea "Let me hear no smooth talk of death from you, Odysseus, light of councils. Better, I say, to break sod as a farm hand for some poor country man, on iron rations, than lord it over all the exhausted dead." Right before restless Odysseus leaves Circe, she tells him that he must go down into Hades to visit the shade of Teiresias, the blind prophet who advises Odysseus of his homecoming (the Wanderings). He then goes on to meet the shades of the queens and lovers of dead heroes and finally the heroes themselves. In the quotation cited, Odysseus is talking with Achilles, the greatest hero of the Trojan War. Achilles, while alive, was fully cognizant of his choice between a long life spent in obscurity or a short life, filled with glory. He chose the latter. I suppose Achilles quickly realized after he died that fame has no meaning for you after you're dead. In retrospect, he understood that death gives meaning, and fills one up with the passion for life. Every action, however mundane, is filled with the miracle of life and completes itself when one interacts with others. This is what Achilles meant when he asks Odysseus about his son and his former kingdom--never mind the dead, what are the living doing? Achilles yearns to be back among the living. This theme of death giving meaning to life is prevalent throughout the Odyssey. Hell is death, heaven is now, in life, in the field of time and action. Odysseus nearly died of homesickness (or boredom) when Kalypso detained him on her island, hoping to make him her immortal husband. Odysseus knew if he drank that ambrosia, life would be eternal, you'd have a beautiful house and a babe for a wife, but things would get terribly vapid after a certain point. Immortality is death, in this sense. Finally, it is Athena (thought, action) who convinces the gods (who are, I think, jealous of us mortals) to let Odysseus off the island and back into his life. It is interesting to note that even Hermes couldn't wait to get off Kalypso's island--"who would willingly come here? There is no city of men nearby. . . . . Ultimately, Odysseus' journey to Ithaka is about embracing one's life, accepting the challenges, the dangers, pitfalls, and joys, with courage, tenacity and a keen sense of what it takes to maintain balance in one's life.

Essay on The Supernatural in Toni Morrisons Beloved :: Toni Morrison Beloved Essays

Supernatural in Beloved Elements of the supernatural pervade Toni Morrison's novel, Beloved. These elements include evidence of African-American folklore and tradition in the everyday lives of the inhabitants of 124 Bluestone Road. Beloved's character is another obvious use of the supernatural: she's a ghost for part of the novel and a "ghost-in-the-flesh" for the major part of the book. In Beloved, Morrison extracts African folklore from history in order to enrich the authenticity of an account of the lives of ex-slaves during the late 19th century. Her extractions include medicinal, religious, and superstitious components from African life. As doctors were not available to most blacks during this time -- slave or free -- they were forced to depend upon their intuitive nature and upbringing. For instance, spiderweb is used as first aid for cuts, while grease is spread liberally over these same cuts as a long-term ointment of sorts. For slaves, church was simply another segregated part of life which forced them to develop their own way of practicing their faith. African roots are very visible in Baby Sugg's "sermons" in the Clearing. White men go to church, sit down in wooden pews, and settle in for a lengthy dissertation on their sins. On the other hand, Baby Suggs calls her people into Nature to dance, cry, and finally, to laugh. Her version of a sermon is actually an outpouring of the vast contents of her heart. Superstitions are a natural part of any culture's make-up. However, some superstitions are firmly rooted in one specific culture. This is evident in Baby Sugg's statement to Sethe where she says, "Not a house in the country ain't packed to its rafters with some dead negro's grief" (Morrison 5). Similarly, Ella comments to Stamp Paid, "You know as well as I do that people who die bad don't stay in the ground" (188). Morrison's style embodies an additional aspect of African philosophy. According to John S. Mbiti, "[it] emphasizes that the spiritual universe is a unit with the physical, and that these two intermingle and dovetail into each other so much that it is not easy, or even necessary, at times to draw distinctions or separate them" (Samuels 138). One can see how Morrison fits this definition with her constant interweaving of the spiritual world along with the physical world. Stereotypical thinking says that a fine line exists between the spiritual world and the natural world.

Performing Genders in a Streetcar Named Desire Essay

Tennessee Williams’ play A Streetcar Named Desire, considered as one of his most famous works, exposes the relationships between Stella and her sister, Blanche, who has come to visit her. Her arrival reveals the tensions in Stanley and Stella’s couple. Blanche quickly discovers that her sister’s life is not at all the life she believed it to be, and that her sister lives with a violent man, Stanley. But Stanley is not the only one who tries to hide his true identity. Indeed, Blanche’s arrival in New Orleans is not innocent. She tries to escape her bad reputation and comes with her deepest secrets. In this play, the protagonists perform a role to affirm their gender and hide their real true nature. This staging also aims at dramatizing the action of the play. Stella’s husband, Stanley, is the prefect representation of the violent and macho man. He does everything to be seen as a powerful man when citing Huey Long he tells Stella that †every Man is a King! And I am the king around here† (Williams, 77). As Koprince notes: Like most batterers, Stanley believes in male superiority†¦ [He] especially believes in male dominance within the institution of marriage. He is completely in charge of the Kowalski household, calling all the shots and expecting his wife’s acquiescence. (51) Stanley establishes a conjugal life in which his wife is not allowed to say what she wants as he growls: †don’t ever talk that way to me!† (77). However, Stanley is not only arrogant when he speaks to his wife, he also mistreats her. During the Poker Night, he first †crosses to the small white radio and snatches it off the table. With a shouted oath, he tosses the instrument out of the window† and then †charges Stella† (35). Stanley thus intimidates his wife and decreases her as Dutton an alyses: Physical assault may be accompanied by verbal abuse, psychological abuse†¦ This constellation of destructive actions more fully represents a continuum of coercive control and, some would argue, therefore constitutes the proper subject matter for a psychology of interpersonal violence. (6) In reality the way Stanley acts allows him to acquire power and control under Stella. She behaves exactly how Stanley wants her to react that is as a battered and dominated woman:   He [Stanley] didn’t know what he was doing†¦ He was as good as lamb when I [Stella] came back and he’s really very, very ashamed of himself. (41) According to Stanley, showing his feelings to his wife would be intolerable and is not the behavior a man has to adopt. Nevertheless, his violent behavior and the role that he performs convey the feelings he has for Stella. Indeed, he is afraid that his wife can leave him: Stanley: Stella! My baby doll’s left me! Eunice? I want my baby! Eunice! I’ll keep on ringin’ I talk with my baby! (37) Stanley: Stell-lahhhhh! (37) By saying †Eunice, I want my girl to come down with me!† (38), Stanley gets belligerent again and proves that primitive instincts animate him. Blanche, talking to his sister, highlights that Stanley †acts like an animal, has an animal’s habits!† (47). She also asserts that †there’s even something – subhuman- something not quite to the stage of humanity† (47) which implies that her brother-in-law performs the male role to the extreme. Besides, this extreme is reached when Stanley rapes Blanche telling her: †we’ve had this date with each other from the beginning!† (97). Thus this act reminds Blanche of her past of prostitute and reveals what Blanche tried to hide through her staging. Blanche performs the role of the fragile and the romantic woman in order to hide her deepest secrets. Through Stella’s eyes, Blanche appears as a sensitive woman (69) and has always to be complimented. She thus recommends Stanley to †admire [Blanche’s] dress and [to] tell [Blanche] she’s looking wonderful† (17). In this connection, Blanche also highlights that †[she] need[s] kindness† (39). Moreover Blanche’s sensibility is highlighted by her romanticism. She tells Mitch that she has †old-fashioned ideals† (63) and calls him †[her] Rosenkavalier† (57). Related to this idea, Cortade asserts: Blanche DuBois s’accroche aux derniers vestiges de romantisme qui appartiennent à   une autre à ©poque. (209) [Blanche DuBois stay emotionally attached to the relics of romanticism which belong to another time, my translation]. In a sense, Blanche’s romantic ideals allow her to play the role of a modern Emma Bovary. In the manner of Flaubert’s character, Blanche entertains hopes of escaping from reality through love. Blanche idealizes love and describing  the love she had for her husband, Allan, she says that †it was like you suddenly turned a blinding light on something that had always been half in shadow, that’s how it struck the world for me† (66). But like Emma Bovary who lost her lover Rodolphe and fell into depression, Blanche loses Allan and this loss overwhelms her completely. She thus behaves as a desperate woman and loses her mind. By qualifying Blanche as †a refined and particular type of girl†, Stanley unmasks her and reveals the reason why Blanche has to perform. Indeed Blanche stages in order to hide her past of prostitute. Stanley explains to Stella that †[Blanche] moved to the Flamingo! A second-class hotel which has the advantage of not interfering in the private social life of the personalities there† (71). He also adds that †[men in Laurel] got wised up after two or three dates with [Blanche] and then they quit, and she goes on to another, the same old lines, same old act, same old hooey† (71). Besides Blanche is conscious of her act and qualifies herself as †a big spider† (87). Nevertheless, her behavior hides some deeper injuries. As she analyzes †[she was] hunting for some protection† and this †was all [she] seemed able to fill [her] empty heart with† (87). In this connection, Blanche is a desperate woman who †always depen ded on the kindness of strangers† (107). In conclusion, Tennessee Williams’ A Streetcar Named Desire depicts characters that perform in order to hide their true nature. By saying that †Poker should not be play in a house with women† (36), Mitch proceeds to a separation of genders revealing Blanche’s and Stanley’s staging. Indeed, both of them perform the roles of the violent man and the fragile woman. Stella’s husband appears as a choleric man and frightens his wife and his sister-in-low, Blanche. Blanche’s staging allows her to escape reality and she is able to overshadow her past. Indeed her past makes her fragile and facing the reality would be too hard to face. Stanley and Blanche also share the same fear. Indeed, they are afraid to be abandoned. Whereas Stanley depends on Stella’s presence, Blanche needs the kindness of strangers. Although they hate each other, they share several common points. Indeed both of them know that the other hide a secret. Sources: Williams, Tennessee. A Streetcar Named Desire. London: Penguin Modern Classics, [1927] 2004. 218 p. Cortade, Ludovic. Le cinà ©ma de l’immobilità ©. Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne, 2008. 308 p. Dutton, Donald G. The domestic assault of Women: Psychological and Criminal Justice Perspectives. Canada: University of Washington Press, 2001, 337 p. Koprince, Susan. †Domestic violence in a Streetcar Named Desire† Bloom’s Modern Critical Interpretations: A Streetcar Named Desire – New Edition, Ed. Harold Bloom, New York, 2009: 49-60.

Juvenile Justice Subsystems Essay

The role of the police is to enforce the law and maintain order in the community. In 2000, there were approximately 18,000 police agencies employing more than one million full-time sworn and non-sworn personnel. They are intimately involved in juvenile justice issues, they mostly operate locally, and are thus in close proximity to towns and neighborhoods. For juvenile offenders and victims, local police are often their first contact with juvenile justice authorities. The reason for this is simply stated: Juvenile offenders who break the law are frequently taken to the police as a first option, or the police may apprehend them while observing them committing an offense. Youths who have been victimized or whose welfare is at risk are likewise referred to police custody—for their own protection. The Judicial Subsystem The judicial component of the juvenile justice system is composed of many of the same personnel as found in the adult system. These include judges, administrators, prosecutors, and defense counsel. It is a civil (rather than criminal) system, so there is also a significant amount of participation by social workers, probation officers, case managers, and other professionals whose primary duty is to inform and advise the court on the status of each juvenile. The Corrections Subsystem Juvenile correctional institutions are regulated under state law and must comply with state and federal mandates for the humane treatment of youths who have been consigned to locked or other residential facilities. The underlying mission of juvenile corrections is to treat and rehabilitate youths. Although many facilities are highly restrictive, and confinement conditions can approximate those found in some adult facilities, it is the duty of this subsystem to â€Å"correct† the behavior of offenders.

Complementary and Alternative Medicine in the Case Management of Term Paper

Complementary and Alternative Medicine in the Case Management of Hispanics - Term Paper Example This topic is being considered in the hope of establishing a clear understanding of the applicability of complementary and alternative medicine in the management of illnesses among the Hispanic population. Concept Complementary and alternative medicine is defined by the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2011) as a diverse and varied medical and health systems and practices which are not normally considered part of conventional or standard medical practice. It is not as widely accepted as conventional medicine, but some of its applications have already been accepted as effective treatments and have therefore formed part of generally applied medicine. Complementary medicine is medicine which is included and used together with conventional medicine (NCCAM, 2011). Alternative medicine, on the other hand is used in place of conventional medicine; in most instances, as the sole treatment, without integration of conventional medicine techniques. CAM includes a wide range of ancient and new-age techniques which claim to treat and to prevent the onset of illness (Barnes, et.al., 2008). In the strictest sense, CAM is not a part of conventional medicine because there is still inadequate proof for its safe and effective use in healthcare. As a result, judgment for the use of these techniques is largely based on discretion and evidence-based support. In general, individuals utilizing CAM are finding ways to improve their overall physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual well-being (Astin, et.al., 2000). Moreover, they often turn to CAM to seek relief from a terminal or chronic illness or from the side-effects of their conventional treatment. Furthermore, they consider CAM as a means of establishing a holistic and transformative management of their body and all its issues (Institute of Medicine, 2005). CAM practitioners often attempt to treat not only the physical chemical symptoms of the disease, but also the psychological, emotional, and mental i mpact of the illness. Most patients availing of this treatment consider it as a means of complementing their conventional medicine management; seldom is it used as an alternative form of treatment (Barnes, et.al., 2008). Based on a National Health Interview survey (2002), about a third of adults use atleast one form of CAM. Usual CAM therapies include non-mineral natural products, meditation, yoga, massage, deep-breathing exercises, and diet-based therapies (Barnes, et.al., 2002). In the past, CAM has often been used to relieve back aches, headaches, chest colds, neck pain, joint stiffness, and anxiety. Although much less common, the use of these forms of treatment has also been prevalent in the management of symptoms for cancer, lung diseases, and cardiovascular infection (Mao, et.al., 2007). Its use has also been common among women and among adults with higher educational qualifications, including adults who have been suffering from one or two health issues requiring multiple medi cal consults in a year (Nahin, et.al., 2007). CAM techniques are often categorized into different classifications. One of its categories includes natural products. These natural produces are popularly known as herbal medicines, vitamins, minerals, and other dietary supplements (NCCAM, 2011). Probiotics or

Trendsetters shops Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Trendsetters shops - Assignment Example The small and medium enterprises are the enterprises which play a very important role in the global economy and constitute 90% of the global economy. Because of the saturity in the developed countries the Small and medium sized enterprises are making more advancements in the developing nations which are mainly the BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China). The WTO has recognized the importance of these small scale industries and thus has promoted these industries. The small and medium enterprises are the enterprises which begin with their own innovations and inventions and survive competition in order to succeed globally. This report is a personal report and in this topic I will focus mainly on the development of our own small medium enterprise called the â€Å"Trendsetters† in which I and my brother are partners and it is a family business. I have been into this business as soon as I completed my higher secondary exams. I began my role in the firm as accountant. This t opic and firm has been chosen by me for my research purpose as I have personalized experience in the firm and I foresee my future in this firm. Beginning of as an accountant in the business I have started managing all the aspects of the business in order to carry our family legacy further. I and my brother have started discussions concerning all details about the shop like the supply chain procedures that we need to adopt, the pricing and the marketing strategies that needs to be implemented, the seasonal highs and lows etc. â€Å"SMEs enhance competition and entrepreneurship and hence have external benefits on economy wide efficiency, innovation, and aggregate productivity growth. SMEs are generally more productive than large firms. SME expansion boosts employment more than large firm growth because SME are more labor intensive† (Small and Medium Enterprises, 2011, P.1). This research will shed light on â€Å"Trendsetters† as case study and example of successful small business in India. This research relies on the case study methodology, whereby personal description is provided which calls for analytical as well as descriptive study and provides accurate information on the actual developments in the research topic. 2. History of Trendsetters Shop: My Grandmother was the brain from where such an idea of family business emerged. She was a great textile designer and she could make her own designs which of course she did not market but created for her own family uses. Due to her talent people came to her for design tips on their clothes. My father grew up hearing this that many people wanted my grandmother to start her own small business but my grandmother was afraid because of the knits and guts that is required in the business field. My father had then acquired his business administration degree and instead of venturing out and sourcing him to other firms he decided with grandmother to start his own business so that his academic excellence and my grandmother’s ideas of design could merge together and they started a small garment factory. There was difficulty in procurement of initial capital and the initial capital was a loan with 10% interest from the Regional Rural Bank in our locality. With 5 of my grandmother’s friends our business’s first contract began. It was a very small contract but it ensured confidence in my father to further the business. My father became the managing director of the firm. The present number of employees in the firm is 75 which consist of designers, purchase officials, logistics officials and marketing officials. Comments: Even though the enterprise is a small scale it shows the merger of business idea with high academic excellence. It is notable how the family merged skills with education in order to start their own business. â€Å"Another area in which small entrepreneur has faced the difficulty is that of management. The principles of management have not been properly stu died and translated into practice owing to the influence of old traditions and customs. It has seldom bothered to

Measuring an Applicant's Characteristics Case Study

Measuring an Applicant's Characteristics - Case Study Example In addition, a recommendation in relation to measurement of applicants’ characteristics and rankings has also been provided in this report. At the end of the report, potential legal liabilities arising out of the recommended option have been noted down, which the employer shall take into consideration. Strengths and Weaknesses of Current Process While going through the current process of hiring an employee, which aims at  effectively measuring applicant knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics, it can be observed that there are some strengths and weaknesses in the process. The strengths and weaknesses are separately discussed as under: Strengths Keeping in view the current process, it can be stated that some of the measures used to evaluate an applicant are effective. As for instance, measures like testing the ability of an applicant to manage conversations with demanding customers and testing the basic computer skills and accuracy of data entry are all streng ths of the current process. Weaknesses On the other hand, reviewing the existing process of hiring new employees for CSR 1, there are a few weaknesses in the process. As for instance the fluency in English requires testing of reading, writing and speaking skills of individual applicants, and no emphasis is placed on listening skills, which form an important part of their job. On the other hand, although there is a system in place for assuring good attendance of the new hired employees, but it does not seem to work effectively, as there is high turnover of newly hired employees in training phase. Options for Predicting Employees’ Attendance Employees’ attendance is a crucial factor in ensuring smooth flow of an organization’s operations and activities. Absenteeism, which refers to an employee being absent from work, has been considered by a number of researchers in the past (Kingery, 2009; Ivancevich, 1985). The options available for predicting an applicantâ€⠄¢s attendance, if hired by the company, include evaluation of various aspects of that individual’s personality and traits. By considering these personality and traits (Macan, 2009). The existing problem in this regard for Iron Town Incorporation is that newly hired employees have a high turnover during the training session. In this regard, it is important that a brief description of training program is incorporated in the employee hiring process, which will enable applicants to understand the procedure they will go through, thus filtering out those employees who do not like the training program or do not want to be a part of it for any other reason (Honer, Wright, & Sablynski, 2007; Macan, 2009). Moreover, other initiatives which can be included in the staffing process for predicting employees’ attendance can be review of their previous employment record, asking for references and corresponding with them regarding their absenteeism. In addition, it is also desirable t o evaluate the financial aspects and nature of job offered to applicants by checking his or her compatibility with the same. In this way, it can be predicted whether the applicant, if being selected for the job, will be satisfied with the job and henceforth remain punctual (Honer, Wright, & Sablynski, 2007; Ivancevich, 1985; Macan, 2009). Recommendations for Measuring Applicants’ Characteristics and Rankings As far as measurement of applicants’ characteristics is concerned, it is recommended that a thorough evaluation of an applicant’

Impact of e-commerce in Banking sector Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Impact of e-commerce in Banking sector - Essay Example The concept of electronic commerce is descriptive of the process of conducting commercial transactions of services, goods, and information by means of computer networks. In e-commerce products and services can be bought online. Due to the fact that the banking sector is probably the busiest service sector, running it efficiently usually requires more manpower. Technological innovations such as computer based commercial transactions, however, do not usually need direct supervision from workers, and thus have contributed towards banks being more efficient in their dispensation of services. In traditional banks’ manual services, consumers usually have to queues to get to the necessary services. The introduction of e-commerce brought a much needed change to combat such inconveniences (Mahdi and Mehrdad, 2010). Banks have to make use of the offerings of e –commerce so as to remain relevant while outwitting their competitors. In the banking industry, productivity is dependent on the delivery of high quality services. E-commerce in the banking sector has to do with allowing customers to be able to access their bank accounts through the internet by means of a modem. Online banking options were first provided, in a limited capacity, by baking institutions in America in 1995. It has been speculated that this was as a result of the pressure faced by American banks as a result of aggressive competition between international banking institutions across the globe (Mittal and Sanjay, 2007). At first, the ‘online services’ only had to do with providing customers with information about the various services that were being offered by different bank branches. The rapid development of communication technology witnessed in the last two decades, however, allowed for banks to start allowing their customers ways of accessing their accounts through the internet. Banks also made it possible for customers to transfer money while also being able to procure finan cial offerings on their behalf. Since then, there has been a rapid spread of the use of online banking options across the world. While, in traditional banking, workers handle all financial activities such as the provision of loans and the collection of deposits, in e-commerce in banking, a number of distribution channels are used to supply information about banking transactions. In the use of e- commerce, banks use delivery systems such as digital television, cell phones, and laptops to relay information to their consumers. In transactions conducted through the traditional system of banking, payment transactions are conducted through a bank branch. The utilisation of e-commerce in the banking system today, however, has allowed for the automated delivery of services to banking customers by use of the internet (Khalfan and Abdullah, 2006). In most banking facilities in developed nations, the electronic banking system involves the automation of factors such as ATMs, direct deposit, tel ephone banking, debit and credit cards, web-based banking, and bill payment. Most banking institutions around the world have some sort of e-commerce function. While some scholars have observed that e-commerce in the banking sector might soon be responsible for the abolition of traditional functions of banking, this is not likely unless banks begin to gain substantial profits through e-banking services (Kjell, VebjOrn and TjOstheim, 2006).

Case 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Case 3 - Essay Example The fact that they are stressed means that they cannot perform as required. Stress comes from various factors, and may affect employees directly or indirectly. In this case, the organization has put its employees under a lot of unnecessary pressure to perform by ignoring their plight (Robbins and Judge 558). This is evident in the number of employees complaining about the conditions in the company and airing their opinions about the best way to deal with the situation. Considering the industry the organization is involved – healthcare – the organization needs to pay more attention to employees’ needs because the industry is very sensitive. Deaths or serious complications could result from poor performances from employees if they are under stress. However, the company has done well to stem these concerns by developing a new approach to dealing with the situation at hand. In terms of fear, signs of change may spark feelings of uncertainty with regards to the ability to contribute to the change process and the security of their jobs. Pessimism, anxiety and different personal and professional ambitions are also a major factor in the spread of change-resistant fear. For example, an employee may feel afraid to take part in the change process because it will affect his professional development or inhibit personal growth. Employees may feel that they are capable of working with the organization to make proposed changes. Once employees start feeling that they their jobs are insecure and are threatened by proposed changes, they will withdraw their support to try and make the proposed changes fail (Robbins and Judge 561). However much employees feel afraid of changes, Parkway can mitigate these fears by managing them. Managing fear involves assuring employees of the security of their jobs and approaching them directly. Parkway can also provide employees with clear plans for proposed changes so that they can understand proposed changes and cooperate with

Humans Live in a World Where Everything Tries to Make You Something Else Essay Example for Free

Humans Live in a World Where Everything Tries to Make You Something Else Essay Identity is now so hard to define. No longer as simple as whom am I? Identity is it solid or fixed? Neither is it constantly changing from birth till death. In addition to the problems faced with growing a developing an individual also faces problems from ideas surrounding personal problems. These can be examples from the environmental influence, such as arriving into a new school or even a new culture. These experiences can be both positive and negative though, negative as they may leave an individual disillusioned with their direction and place in life, yet positive in the way that an individual may feel reinvigorated and their perception of personal boundaries removed. Growing up in Australia is a short collection of stories from various artists that entails their stories of being different to others and the challenges that they faced in order to fit in when their identities are so different. Sticks and Stones and Such Like by Sunil Badima is a story about How being different, can isolate an individual and make it difficult for them to belong. The main difference in this story is the name Sunil, it singled him out and showed his different nature compared to everyone else. The way that people couldn’t pronounce it only served to exacerbate his push for a more ‘western’ name, Neil. This changing of an identity, from the Indian Sunil to the Aussie Neil, represents how people are willing to change and conform in order to fit in and be accepted by others, even going so far as to forego cultural preoccupations. How to be Japanese by Leanne Hall is a story that Discusses the stereotypes that exist, the racial prejudices that those from a culture deemed the minority are subject to. An individual cannot control how they look yet they’re judged about this. The cultural differences usually hinder an individual, whereby once cultural values sporting exploits as that of success another views success educationally as high marks, yet it is the minority group which is subjected to being stereotyped. This stereotyping is an action that removes an individual’s identity, placing an individual into a wider group whereby they lose their identity, given a set of predetermined characteristics, which is extremely common amongst the racial groups, e. g. the Japanese love hello Kitty. Reveals how a loss of identity can occur as an individual is adjudged to be something else before qifference, alienating them, difficult to conform. A personal identity is impossible without belonging to a family, society and culture. Without Belonging to a group somewhere an individual cannot hope to find their identity, the two are inextricably linked. Without a place in the world, an individual is lost and cannot hope to find their place. This is shown progressively throughout the film of Skin. Because Sandra is coloured and her parents and brother are white, she is constantly confused about her identity and who exactly she is. rBelonging is an innate predisposition that majority of the populous seek the feeling of acceptance and a place in the groups ranks offers. Once Sandra relises she cant find this within her family and the society she grew up in she looks to the Black people of South Africa to find a sense of belonging. Belonging to a group offers a sense of security and acceptance that people seek. It is through this environment that an individual will learn and their identity flourishes under the experiences of the group and that of their own, belonging to a group reaffirms our own identity. Whilst belonging to a group may culminate in the formation of an identity, this may not be the true potential of the individual. This influence may upon an individual’s identity may be detrimental, their identity a mere extension of the group’s prerogative. May also lead to an individual being stereotyped and/or alienating their past. Therefore those that cannot belong or alienate themselves from the rest of society struggle to find their place in the world, they are constantly drifting, the question of who am I, left unanswered. This is emphasised throughout the film Skin as Sandra is constantly changing her state as a white South African to a colored South African, so that she is able to find a sense of identity and belonging. People are put into groups, like family and school, and this is a struggle when it conflicts with identity. Whilst belonging to a group, the choice to conform is one that most people must make, we are all born into a group of some degree. Yet it is this place within a group, the arrangement of parameters that can lead to conflict surrounding an individual’s identity. When we are born, we are born into a family environment, born into a group already. Yet through this group, as individual’s we learn and model ourselves off the actions of those in the group, the decisions and perceptions of its members are reaffirmed onto our own. Yet this predetermined group can cause problems for our identity as individuals. This family whilst providing a base from which an identity can develop, also masks an individual’s identity, the individual may have of been raised in the interests of the group, unfulfilling their true potential. Moreover this placement of an individual occurs through other avenues of life as well. At school an individual may be labelled, stereotyped in a particular way based upon something as simple as they way in which they dress. This stereotyping and prejudice can breed only conflict within an individual as they struggle to determine who they truly are, are they the person they are perceived as? Or are they more? Furthermore in order to fit into a group, an individual’s conformity may be misaligned with the values and perceptions of this group, only giving birth to further conflict surrounding an individual’s identity. They struggle to find who the truly are, their true identity against the restraints that conformity offers them. There is conflict between identity and belonging. Where conflict is resolved it is good for the individual’s identity. The need to belong is an innate predisposition for most humans. As we are social creatures we seek a place in the world, a place where we can be accepted, a place of security. Yet in our willingness to conform, conflict can arise between an individual’s identity and that of the group. This discrepancy something that breeds only discontent as an individual discovers that the interest of the group may be misaligned to those of their own. Furthermore in a group the needs of the group are put before those of the individual, thereby stifling the true identity. Yet this creates further conflict as some of the decisions of the group, the choices that it makes may not be reflective of those of the individual. As the individual takes second wrung to the needs of the group, the individual may become discontent about where they are, questioning their own identity.

Anaemia During Pregnancy: Case Study

Anaemia During Pregnancy: Case Study ANAEMIA DURING PREGNANCY The wonder and joy ofpregnancyis matched by the bodys ability to adapt to looking after the growing baby. In addition to the mothers physiologic needs, there is the additional need to provide the building blocks for optimal growth of the baby. All this construction requires energy and oxygen as the fuel that helps drive the engine. Oxygen in the air that we breathe is delivered to the cells of the body by haemoglobin, a protein molecule found in red blood cells. When the blood lacks level of healthy red blood cells or haemoglobin it leads to a condition called anaemia. The main part of red blood cells is haemoglobin that binds to oxygen. If red blood cells is too few or the haemoglobin is abnormal or low , the cells in the body will not get enough oxygen. The body goes through significant changes when a woman is pregnant. Anaemia is a common disorder in pregnancy, which affect 20 to 60% of the pregnant women. About 20 to 30% of blood increases in the body, which increases the supply of iron and vitamins which are required in the production of haemoglobin. Most of the mothers lack adequate amount of iron during the second and third trimester of pregnancy. A mild anaemia is normal during pregnancy due to increase in the blood volume, but however a severe anaemia can put the baby at high risk of iron deficiency later in infancy. There are different types of anaemia that can develop during pregnancy such as fotal-deficiency anaemia vitamin B12, deficiency anaemia and iron deficiency anaemia. According to Cashion Alden, Perry (2009) In pregnancy, ladies need extra folate to make the red blood cells to transport oxygen to tissues throughout the body. Folate deficiency can directly contribute to certain types of birth defects. Folate-deficiency anaemia, folate which is also called folic acid, is a type of vitamin which is needed for the body to produce new cells, including healthy red blood cells. Iron-deficiency anaemia is when the body does not have enough iron to produce adequate amounts of haemoglobin, and is the most common cause of anaemia in pregnancy. To form healthy red blood cells the body needs vitamin B12 from her diet, the body would not be able to produce enough healthy red blood cells. Ladies who do not eat meat, poultry, dairy products, and eggs have a risk of vitamin B12 deficiency, which can lead to birth defects. Severe or anaemia which is untreated can lead to preterm or low-birth-weight baby, postpartum depression, baby with a serious birth defect of spine or brain, prenatal mortality or maternal death. . Some of the symptoms of anaemia during pregnancy are pale skin, lips and nail, feeling tired or weak, dizziness, shortness of breath, and rapid heartbeat. Antenatal care refers to care given to a pregnant woman from the time of conception is confirmed until the beginning of labor. Risk factors for anaemia in pregnancy can be woman pregnant with more than one child, two pregnancies close together, vomiting a lot because of morning sickness, teenager who is pregnant, not eating enough foods that are rich in iron and heavy periods before became pregnant In nursing process Assessment is the first stage in which nurse carries out a complete and holistic nursing assessment. Normal ward routine of nursing care procedures in antenatal unit at booking and important nursing focus areas is followed. Antenatal booking appointment, which provides the midwife with the valuable background information. The subjective and objective data is collected. The purpose of the visit is to bring together the woman to the maternity service. The information is shared between the mother and the midwife in- order to discuss, plan and implement care for duration of the pregnancy, the birth and postnatal period. During my attachment in antenatal clinic a mother came in for antenatal booking. Collecting her personal history, she is Mrs X, Indian married female. Her date of birth is 22th January, and is now 23 years old. , she is a high school graduate, is able to read and write and follow instructions, able to maintain eye to eye contact and is married to a 25 years old taxi driver named Mr Y. She is staying with her husband, his parents, two brother’s and a sister. They live in a wooden house near the copra mill. The mother is from Waibula but lives with relatives in Namara. Her emergency contacts were of her husband xxxxxxx and cousin sister xxxxxxx. Her family history, Mrs X mother is diabetic and her sister had twins. Mothers medical history was occasionally complains of migraine, and heavy menstrual bleeding. The husband and his elder brother are driving taxi and also they do a casual job in the timber mill. Mrs last normal menstrual period was on 25th of September 2012, her expec ted date of delivery is on the 7th of January 2013. She missed her period for two months. There was no gynaecological history present. Starting with her examinations, the height is 6 feet and 4 inches (1.65m) and is 66 kilograms. The urine test was normal, blood pressure was 80/40mmHg, temperature of 37.5 °C,pulse rate: 114 bpm, respiratory rate: 28 bpm skin: (+) pallor, (-) jaundice, (-) cyanosis, head:, EENT: pale palpebral conjunctiva, negative cervical lymp adenpathy chest, lungs: symmetrical chest expansion, (-) retractions heart: adynamic precordium, tachycardia, (-) thrills, (-) murmur abdomen: globular, soft, normal and active bowel sounds, non-tender extremities: pale nail beds, cold upper and lower extremities (-) cyanosis, weak peripheral pulsesneurological: No found neurological deficits rectal exam: No haemorrhoids, no fissures, no masses, palpated, no tenderness, intact rectal vault, good sphincter tone. In the blood test, the full blood count was done and was low an d proven to be anaemic. In order to ensure that the outcome of the pregnancy is the best for mother and baby, a routine is undertaken which is embraced by the term â€Å" antenatal care†. Fraser and Copper (2009) stated â€Å" the aims of antenatal care is to monitor the progress of pregnancy to .maternal and fetal health, developing a partnership with the woman, providing a holistic approach to the woman’s care that meets her individual needs, promoting an awareness of her public health issues for the woman and her family, exchanging information with the woman and her family, enabling them to make informed choices about pregnancy and birth, being an advocate for the woman and her family during her pregnancy, supporting her right to choose care appropriate for her own needs and those of her family, recognizing complications of pregnancy and appropriately referring woman to the obstetric team or relevant health professionals or other organizations, facilitating the wom an and her family in preparing to meet the demands of birth, making a birth plan, facilitating the woman to make an informed choice about methods of feeding and giving appropriate and sensitive advice to support her decision and offering parenthood education within a planned programme or an individual basis†.(P.g 265). During booking the mothers blood was sent in the laboratory for tests. The haemoglobin level 12g/dL or if it is the haematocrit less than 30% in a pregnant woman. Then it proves that the woman is anaemic. Mrs X haemoglobin level was 8.7g/dL and hemocrit was 25% , so it proved that she is anaemic. It is the risk to the mother and the fetus., So the nursing problem was diagnosed to Mrs X that she was suffering from Iron Deficiency Anaemia. Fraser et al. (2009) stated â€Å" iron deficiency anaemia is the most common hematologic disorder in pregnancy, it affects approximately 15% to 25% of pregnant woman, depending on the ethnic and socioeconomic groups being studied†.(P.g 872). After the diagnosis of iron deficiency anaemia Mrs X was referred to the doctor. The body produces more blood to support the growth of the body. The existence of a hematologic abnormally increases the pregnant women’s risk for developing more complication such as infection or preterm delivery If the mother not getting enough iron or certain other nutrients, the body might not be able to produce the amount of red blood cells it needs to make this additional blood. Taylor, Lillies, Lemone Lynn (2011) stated â€Å" carbohydrates, protein and fats are potential sources of energy for the body†.(P.g 1158). Mrs X presented with symptoms of pale skin, lips and nails, feeling tired or weak, dizziness, shortness of breath, rapid heart rate and trouble concentrating. It is very important to assess the wellbeing of the fetus. This was done by checking the fetal movement and listening to the fetal heart sound using a fetal cardio graph machine. The bloods were performed to see the changes that may indicate worsening of anaemia. The nurses has its own independent role scope of practice to ensure that the mother and fetus are healthy. The nurses role in managing the pregnant woman in this case of Mrs X are as follows. Nurses can be councillor, collaborator and advocator. The role of the nurse at first step will be taking or monitoring vital signs of the mother and thefetal heart rate. To assess the fetal heart rate, fetal heart sound and fetal kick count was monitored. Urine check is another important role of nurse in monitoring an anaemic mother. The mother will be asked to bring along a urine sample for glucose and protein level. In early pregnancy if protein level will be high it can be sign of problems including urinary tract infection, a kidney disorder , high blood pressure or diabetes. If in later pregnancy protein of high level is found is sign of pre-eclampsia. Taking of height and weight measurements is another role of a nurse, also to work out body mass index. Potter, Perry, Stockert Hill (2013) st ated â€Å" body mass index (BMI) measures weight corrected for height and serves as an alternative to traditional height-weight relationships†.(P.g 56). Since the nurse knows the diagnosis of Mrs Mrs Xshe can advise on what kind of foods to consume .She was advised to take foods that are rich in iron examples are red meat, egg yolks, dark leafy vegetables, dried fruit, iron-enriched cereals, grains, chicken giblets, beans, lentils, and liver. Establishment of quiet and peaceful environment to promote rest. During her hospitalization Mrs X was served with full diet. The nurse also taught to the woman on correct positioning while resting.The nurses also did health education with the husband on health. Nurses need to follow the physicians orders in giving the prescribed medications on time.They also advised on personal hygiene. In antenatal care the nurse needs to collaborate with other health care professionals, such as dietician, the obstetric, doctor, haematologists and physiotherapist. To enablepeople to make informed and practical choices about food and lifestyle in health and disease, the role of a dietician comes in, dietetics is the interpretation and communication of nutrition science. The role of a dietician was to prepare a food guideline for Mrs X. Obstetric team works with patients who are wanting to become to become pregnant, is pregnant or have recently delivered. The obstetricnurse have plenty roles in managing an anaemic mother. Mrs Narayan was admitted, reviewed, history taken, vaginal examination, fetal heart tones, and duration and intensity of contractions was done by an obstetric nurse. Paediatrician doctoradvised on healthy and successful delivery of Mrs Narayan, also advised on diet and medication compliance. Paediatrician doctor also took blood and urine test. The roleof midwife is to provide pregnancy care to woman during pregnancy and during birth. The midwife took Mrs X medical history and explained in detail the limitations and risks associated with pregnancy while being anaemic. The midwifealso checked urine for protein and heart beats for the developing baby. Health education was also provided by the midwife. The doctor was also responsible to prescribe medications, examination and to consider delivery if the condition of mother gets worse and fetus gets distressed. The physiotherapist taught Mrs X on exercise that was helpful to her. There are rationales behind the nurses independent roles in ensuring the well-being of the mother and the fetus. As stated earlier monitoring of vital signs, it is very important because to see if Mrs X condition is stable or not. Also same for the fetal heart rate and fetal sounds to see if everything is normal or not. Monitoring fetal heart rate and fetal sound to ensure that the fetus is not distressed. Urine checkis also important factor, it is done by the nurses to see if the glucose and protein level is normal or requires attention. Taking of height and weight is also important to see if mother is healthy and gaining weight since she is pregnant.Also to calculate the body mass index of the mother. The nurse providing health education on her diet, encouraging her to take iron rich foods to prevent or stop Mrs X from getting anaemic. The nurse administers medication as prescribed by the doctors to make Mrs X to improve on her health.Personal hygiene is really important because th e way mother keeps her self affects or reflects the fetus as well. There are rationales behind the professionals collaborative roles in establishing or giving quality care to the pregnant mother. Taking of history from the mother is to know whether she had any past medical problems, such as gynaecological issues or any surgeries that can hinder her present pregnancy. Doctors or paediatricians take samples of blood to see if mother is seriously anaemic or requires attention, or to see if there could be any complications.The rationale of doctors doing vaginal examination is to see cervical dilation or any complications which can arise. Counselling by the doctors of having proper diet or dieticians, to improve the condition of the mother and avoiding complications. Obstetric team was to ensure that if emergency develops there could be urgent need to conduct delivery in caesarean section, because they have knowledge on when and how to conduct delivery in emergency situation. Doctors presenting medication to increase iron level in the blood. Physiotherap ist needed to educate mother on exercise to help her in delivery. During the end of the antenatal clinic, the strengths and weakness of Mrs X was found and identified, it was recorded in evaluation. Mrs X was adjusted to what the plan was ruled out for her. Her strengths were that she followed her diet to what the dieticians planned for her. The health education was really effective to her and her husband supported on her diet and growing fetus. The family support was also there and she was in happy environment, free of fear and anxiety. Mrs X also took her tablets on time and gained weight. Another blood test was done and was found out that her haemoglobin level was normal. The benefitsof maternal iron supplementation on these outcomes are unclear, even for woman who develop anaemia during pregnancy. There is vivid evidence that maternal iron deficiencyanaemia increases the risk of preterm delivery and low birth weight. Iron supplementsimprove the iron status of the mother during pregnancy and during the postpartum period, even in woman who enter pregnancy with reasonable iron stores. Through my point of view, the mass of evidence supports the practice of routine iron supplementation during pregnancy, even though iron is most common and important for woman who have anaemia. ( Approx: 2443 words.) Reference Potter, P, A., Perry, A, G., Stockert, P, A., Hill, A, M. (2013). Fundamentals Of Nursing (8th ed.). United States Of America: Mosby. Fraser, D, M., Copper, M, A. (2009). Myles: Textbook for midwives (15th ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. Lowdermilk, D, L., Perry, S, E., Cashion, K., Alden, K, R. (2012). Maternity Women’s Health Care ( 10th ed.). United States Of America: Mosby. Taylor, C, R., Lillis, C., Lemone, P., Lynn, P. (2011). Fundammentals Of Nursing: The art and science of nursing care (7th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott. Reeder, S, J., Martin, L, L., Martin, L, L. (1997). Maternity Nursing: Family, newborns, and women’s health care (18th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott. 1